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@#Objective To analyze the effects of systematic lymph node dissection (SLND) and lobe-specific lymph node dissection (L-SND) on perioperative and long-term outcomes of patients with clinicalⅠA (cⅠA) stage lung adenocarcinoma. Methods A retrospective analysis was done on the patients with cⅠA stage lung adenocarcinoma who received thoracoscopic radical resection admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2013 to August 2016. Propensity score matching was conducted to eliminate the biases. The recurrence-free survival was compared between the two groups after matching. Perioperative parameters and postoperative complications were also analyzed. Results A total of 725 patients were enrolled, including 252 males and 473 females, with a median age of 62.0 (31.0-69.0) years. There were 228 patients in the L-SND group and 497 patients in the SLND group. After matching, there were 211 patients in each group and no statistical difference in the incidence of postoperative complications (10.9% vs. 13.7%, P=0.374), identification of metastatic positive lymph nodes (12.3% vs. 9.0%, P=0.270), or recurrence-free survival (P=0.492) were found between two groups, whereas the operation time (163.9±39.4 min vs. 135.4±32.4 min, P<0.001), intraoperative blood loss [100.0 (20.0-800.0) mL vs. 100.0 (10.0-400.0) mL, P<0.001], intubation time [4.0 (1.0-18.0) d vs. 4.0 (1.0-9.0) d, P<0.001] and hospital stay (12.3±3.3 d vs. 10.8±2.4 d, P=0.003) in the SLND group were found to be significantly higher or longer than those in the L-SND group. Conclusion L-SND has a similar efficiency to SLND in terms of postoperative complications, pathological lymph node metastasis, and recurrence-free survival, as well as significant advantages in reducing intraoperative blood loss, and shortening operation time, intubation time and length of hospital stay. Therefore, L-SND can be recommended to replace SLND as a method for lymph node resection in patients with cⅠA stage lung adenocarcinoma.
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Objective:To analyze the prevalence of anemia and its influencing factors in the elderly population dwelling in urban communities in Beijing.Methods:A random cluster sampling method was adopted to select the elderly people of communities in Beijing, and cross-sectional research was conducted through questionnaire surveys, field tests and blood sample collection.The criteria for diagnosing anemia were from WHO standards, and the health evaluation indicators in the questionnaire survey included demographic data and eating habits, socio-economic information, information on enjoying health services, health and physical fitness and other information.Blood samples were drawn for routine blood tests and biochemical tests.Results:A total of 1 947 elderly people aged 65 years and above were investigated, including 789 males(40.5%)and 1 158 females(59.5%). Among the 1 947 survey subjects, 288 elderly people had anemia, with the prevalence of anemia of 14.79%(288/1 947). The prevalence of anemia was 16.35%(129/789)in males and 13.73%(159/1 158)in females.There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of anemia between male and female( χ2=2.760, P=0.097). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting anemia.The results showed that the higher age( OR=1.055, P=0.000), the higher frequency of meat-eating( OR=1.353, P=0.046), the lower frequency of fruit-eating( OR=0.759, P=0.048), the worse health status of cohabitants( OR=0.757, P=0.037), the lower BMI( OR=0.905, P=0.001)and the lower exercise frequency( OR=0.769, P=0.012)were correlated to the higher anemia risk in the elderly population dwelling in urban communities in Beijing. Conclusions:The prevalence of anemia is relatively high in the elderly in Beijing communities.According to our findings, older people should reduce the frequency of eating meat, while ensuring nutritional intake, increase the intake of fruits and take appropriate exercises to reduce the prevalence of anemia.
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@#Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a type of RNA that has no or limited protein-coding ability. It mainly includes microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA).At present, research has found that ncRNA plays a central role in regulating the function of pancreatic β cells, and that defects of insulin signaling is an important cause of diabetes.This article reviews the relationship between ncRNA and insulin signaling pathway in recent years, and discusses the possibility of ncRNA as a potential therapeutic target and clinical diagnostic marker for diabetes, hoping to provide some reference for the treatment and diagnosis of diabetes.
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Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Shandong province.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 2 886 NHL cases in Shandong Cancer Hospital from January 2002 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, the clinicopathological characteristics of patients were summarized and compared with other regions in China and abroad.Results:The median age of all NHL cases was 52 years old (4-90 years old), and the ratio of male to female was 1.57∶1. The subtypes distribution analysis revealed that B-cell NHL (B-NHL) accounted for 66.7% (1 925 cases) of all cases and T-cell NHL (T-NHL) accounted for 27.3% (788 cases) of all cases. The common subtypes were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (36.0%, 1 039/2 886), NK/T-cell lymphoma (8.8%, 254/2 886), follicular lymphoma (8.2%, 237/2 886) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (7.4%, 214/2 886). Of all the cases, the nodal lymphomas accounted for 45.8% (1 322 cases) and the extra nodal lymphomas accounted for 54.2% (1 564 cases); there were 389 patients (13.5%) with stage Ⅰ, 678 patients (23.5%) with stage Ⅱ, 975 patients (33.8%) with stage Ⅲ, and 722 patients (25.0%) with stage Ⅳ. The distribution of NHL subtypes in Shandong province was consistent with the domestic multicenter study. However, T-NHL subtype ratio was significantly higher than the foreign studies.Conclusions:The overall incidence of NHL in Shandong province of China is dominated by middle-aged people, and the proportion of B-NHL is higher than that of T-NHL. The distribution of NHL subtypes in Shandong province of China are different from those in the European and American countries, but are roughly consistent with the domestic multicenter study.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the mechanism by which dripping pills (STDP) improves coronary microcirculation disorder (CMD) and cardiac dysfunction in a porcine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.@*METHODS@#Fourteen minipigs were randomly selected for interventional balloon occlusion of the middle left anterior descending branch to induce CMD, and another 7 pigs received sham operation. The pig models of CMD were randomized equally into the model group and STDP-treated group. All the animals were fed with common feed for 8 weeks, and in STDP-treated group, the pigs were given STDP at the daily dose of 3 mg/kg (mixed with feed) for 8 weeks. Before and at the 8th week after the operation, the pigs underwent coronary angiography and echocardiography to determine the vessel lumen diameter and TIMI frame count (CTFC). The pathologies of the myocardium and the microvessels were examined with HE staining at the 8th week. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of silencing information regulator (Sirt1), peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERKI/2), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in myocardial tissue.@*RESULTS@#Before and at the 8th week after the operation, the diameter of the anterior descending vessel in the 3 groups did not differ significantly ( > 0.05). At the 8th week, the number of CTFC frames in the model group increased significantly compared with that in the sham-operated group, but was obviously lowered by treatment with STDP ( < 0.05). Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly increased the interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole, left ventricular end-diastole dimension, end-diastole volume, interventricular septal thickness at end-systole and left ventricular mass at 8 weeks after the modeling ( < 0.05), but such changes were significantly alleviated by treatment with STDP (P < 0.05). STDP treatment markedly alleviated myocardial microvascular congestion, thrombosis and peripheral inflammatory cell infiltration induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, but atrophy of the myocardial muscle fiber remained distinct. STDP obviously suppressed the down-regulation of Sirt1, PGC-1α, and PPARα and the up-regulation of ERK1/ 2, TLR4, and UCP2 in the myocardial tissues induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.@*CONCLUSIONS@#STDP has anti-inflammatory effects and regulates energy metabolism in the myocardium through modulating Sirt1, PGC-1α, PPARα, ERKI/2, TLR4, and UCP2 to improve CMD and cardiac dysfunction after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.
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Animals , Rats , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Microcirculation , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury , Myocardium , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , SwineABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To explore the method and significance of prenatal counseling in cardiac surgery for fetal congenital heart disease (CHD).@*METHODS@#The prenatal counseling should be provided by experienced CHD experts. The preliminary clinical diagnosis based on relevant data was carried out, the prognosis risk for fetal CHD was graded, and the pathophysiological process and potential hazards of the disease were analyzed. The current condition of CHD in the treatment plan, the long-term quality of life, and the special requirements of parturition in place, period and mode were described. A reliable follow-up system of the fetuses was established, the diagnosis after delivery was verified, and surgical treatment was carried out timely.@*RESULTS@#From January 2016 to December 2018, 225 parents with fetal CHD received prenatal counseling, including 60 fetuses (26.7%) with simple CHD and 165 (73.3%) with complex CHD, among which 59 cases (98.3%) and 93 cases (56.4%) decided to continue the pregnancy, respectively. During the follow-up, 118 fetuses were born, of which 66 infants received surgical treatment within 6 months after birth, 63 infants (95.5%) recovered and 3 infants (4.5%) died. The rest 52 infants continued to be followed up.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The prenatal counseling for fetal CHD can provide the parents a comprehensive medical information about CHD, which is beneficial to making appropriate pregnancy decisions, and can turn the fetuses from unreasonable birth and passive treatment to selective birth and active treatment in CHD.
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Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Counseling , Fetus , Heart Defects, Congenital , General Surgery , Prenatal Diagnosis , Quality of Life , Ultrasonography, PrenatalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To establis h the fingerprint of Lonicera japonica polysaccharide，and to investigate in vitro inhibitory effect of it on respiratory syndrome virus （RSV）. METHODS ：Polysaccharide from L. japonica was prepared by water extraction and twice alcohol precipitation method. After hydrolysis with trifluoroacetic acid ，derivatization with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and pyridine ，the fingerprint was established by GC method. The determination was performed on HP- 5 capillary column ，and the detector was flame ionization detector ；the temperature of the sample inlet was 250 ℃；the temperature of the detector was 300 ℃ （programmed temperature ）；the carrier gas was nitrogen （flow rate of 50 mL/min）；split sampling was adopted （split ratio of 60∶1）；the sample size was 2.0 μL. Using rhamnose as reference substance，GC fingerprint of 12 batches of L. japonica （S1-S12） was drawn ，and the similarity evaluation was performed with Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Fingerprint （2012 edition）. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were conducted by using SPSS 21.0 software. Using ribavirin as positive control ， half effective concentration （EC50）and treatment index （TI）as indexes ，MTT assay was used to investigate in vitro inhibitory effect of L. japonica polysaccharide on RSV. RESULTS ：There were 12 common peaks in GC fingerprint of 12 batches of L. japonica. The similarity was greater than or equal to 0.994. Seven common peaks were identified ，such as rhamnose ，arabinose， fucose，mannose，glucose，galactose，inositol hexaacetate. According to the cluster analysis ，12 batches of samples could be divided into two categories ，i.e. S 1，S7，S10 and S 11 clustered into one category ，and others clustered into one category. In principal component analysis ，the eigen values of 3 principal components were all greater than 1 （5.659，2.745，1.724 respectively），and their cumulative contribution rate was 84.400％. The comprehensive score of S 12 was the highest ，the second was S 5，and the lowest was S 11. EC 50 of total polysaccharide ，80％ alcohol precipitated polysaccharide ，50％ alcohol precipitated polysaccharide and 20％ alcohol precipitated polysaccharide of L. japonica （No. S 12） were 0.76，0.61，1.03，3.04 g/L， respectively；TI were 15.36，18.51，11.69，4.22，respectively. EC 50 of 80％ ethanol alcohol precipitated polysaccharide was the lowest，and its TI was close to that of positive control （20.08）. CONCLUSIONS ：Established fingerprint provides reference for the quality evaluation of L. japonica . L. japonica polysaccharide has a certain inhibitory activity on RSV in vitro ，and the 80％ alcohol precipitated polysaccharide has the strongest activity.
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Objective To promote the building of the hospital mobile applications architecture in a scientific,user-centered,and needs-oriented way.Methods Function points from mobile applications were rounded up for classification and ranking by means of Kano model and double factor questionnaire survey,for the purpose of qualitative and quantitative analysis of 12 hospitals and identifying the core needs of patients.Statistical methods such as descriptive analysis were used to analyze the data.Results 16 function points of mobile applications were rounded up from 12 hospitals,finding that 12 of their 16 App functions were located in the upper half of the quartile graph,namely appointment and result inquiry.These 12 functions if well met will upgrade patient satisfaction.Conclusions High focus on mobile applications is imperative to upgrade hospital's intelligent medical services,improve the medical efficiency and satisfaction.
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To optimize the knowledge structure of medical students and implement the application of psychological skills, we launched the practical training of medical psychology in medical universities. We designed 4 practical training items and carried them out in small classes, including emotion and health, investigation of doctor-patient relationship, the application of interviewing method and the application of psychological support. This practice training was students-centered, practical, rigorous, clinical-thinking focused, easy to operate and promote. By now, this teaching reform has formed a relatively standardized teaching material for practical training , and it was well received among students.
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Selecting outpatient long - term nurses, we conducted the training of Watson humanistic care thoughts and skills to them,created humanistic care facilities,created a humanistic working environment,attached importance to the skills of communicating with patients,paid attention to the details of humanistic care in daily work,strengthened the cultivation of humanistic care consciousness and methods,and constantly improved nurse's ability of humanistic care and service quality of outpatient nursing.
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According to the developmental requirements of university students,to improve their communication skills,we conducted innovation of the mental health courses.The content of mental health courses was divided into theoretical knowledge and experiential knowledge.The theoretical part was delivered online and studied by the students themselves,while the experiential part was designed into experiential teaching scheme and practiced in the classroom.Preliminary assessment of results from clinical students who experienced this innovation showed that the teaching effectiveness is good.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between hemoglobin level and health status of the elderly living in communities in Beijing.Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to select residents living in communities of Beijing city,and a cross-sectional study was carried out by questionnaires,scene testing and blood sample collection.WHO-formulated criteria were applied for diagnosing anemia.The health indicators in questionnaires included visual impairment,physical disability,decreased health,self-care,fatigue,anorexia,independent walking distance,exercise frequency,intelligence status and computing power.Results Complete information was obtained in a total of 1 948 elderly people,including 790 cases of male and 1 158 cases of female,with an average age of(73.9±6.1)years and a median age of 74 years(65-100).The mean level of hemoglobin in the 1 948 people was(135.65 ± 14.48) g/L,with (142.56 ± 15.56) g/L in male and (130.95 ± 11.53) g/L in female.Hemoglobin level was significantly lower in female than in men (t =54.739,P＜ 0.01).Hemoglobin level was decreased with aging,and negatively associated with appetite,physical strength,walk assistance,visual acuity and physical ability(r=-0.055,-0.067,-0.071,-0.114,-0.095;P =0.022,0.005,0.004,0.000,0.000),while positively associated with health status,activities in daily life,athletic ability,exercise frequency and intelligence (r =0.073,0.126,0.122,0.066,0.124;P =0.002,0.000,0.000,0.006,0.000).Conclusions The hemoglobin level of the elderly decreases with aging and is associated with health status and quality of life in the elderly,which should be taken care seriously.
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Objective:To explore the application effect of root cause analysis (RCA) and nursing ethics theory on improving the success rate of venipuncture blood collection in infants.Methods:In January 2016,150 infantswho were punctured for venous blood collection in the out-patient blood collection room in our hospital were selected as the control group.The root cause analysis was used to determine the root cause of the success rate of infant venipuncture blood collection,and the feasible measures were formulated.And 150 infants after 6 months of the implementation of RCA were selected as the observation group.The success rate of puncture and the satisfaction of the families were compared in both two groups.Results:The success rate of venipuncture blood collection in observation group (93.3％) was significantly higher than the control group(76.7％),and the families' satisfaction of the observation group (95％) was also significantly higher than those in the control group (70％).Conclusions:The application of root cause analysis and nursing ethics theory,effective nursing measures and psychological care can improve the success rate of infant venipuncture blood collection.
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According to the phenomenon that the curriculum of psychological health education for college students is theoretical,lack of experience and the teaching form is single,this research attempts to private a blended teaching which is based on the small private online course (SPOC) and experiential teaching.The content of mental health is divided into theoretical knowledge and experience knowledge.And the theoretical knowledge is taught through online teaching in the form of massive open online courses (MOOC),while the experiential knowledge is taught by pure experiential teaching in the classroom.The study has summed up 3 stages of learning mode:learning before class,teaching experience and reflection after class.This changes the single classroom theory teaching to students experience learning.Besides,formative evaluation is used as assessment methods,which has enhanced the effectiveness of the course and at the same time,it has also promoted the improvement of teachers' teaching level effectively.
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OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the clinical data of patients who experienced cryoablation in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery and to explore safety and effectiveness of the surgery. @*METHODS@#We retrospectively collected the clinical data of patients who experienced cryoablation in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery in Department of Cardiovascular of Second Xiangya Hospital from August 2013 to July 2015. Through a right side (4-6 cm) thoracotomy, femoral cannulation and aortic cross-clamp by Chitwood clamper was performed, left atrium was entered from interatrial groove. Modified left and right side cryomaze followed by valve surgery was finished. The left atrial appendage was excluded by oversewing from endocardial surface. The cardiopulmonary bypass time, cross-clamp time, duration in hospital were recorded. The heart rhythm of 3 consecutive post operation days, at 7th day, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months or 18 months after the surgery was monitered by 12-leads electrical cardiogram. @*RESULTS@#No death was observed in this group. Reexploration for bleeding was conducted for one case. Operation time, CBP time and cross-clamp time was (197.4±27.2), (103.6±20.3)and (65.3±15.7) min, respectively. Duration in ICU and hospital was (1.2±0.4) and (9.2±1.6) d, respectively. The ratio of sinus rhythm restoration right after surgery was 97.1%. The ratio of sinus rhythm restoration at the time of hospital discharge was 94.3%. No motality was found in follow-up. The ratio of sinus rhythm restoration at 3, 6, 12,18 months after the surgery was 94.3%, 93.5%, 90.5%, 93.3%, respectively. @*CONCLUSION@#Right minimal invasive thoracoscopic-assisted cryoablation in mitral valve surgery is quite effective in the treatment of atrial fibrillation, displaying the advantages of less complications, motality and hospitalization.
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Humans , Aorta , Atrial Fibrillation , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Cryosurgery , Heart Atria , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Mitral Valve , Retrospective Studies , Surgical Instruments , ThoracotomyABSTRACT
Objective To examine the amplitude differences of feedback related negativity ( FRN) and P300 among people with different levels of behavioral inhibition system(BIS)/behavioral activation sys-tem( BAS) in feedback stage in a conflict experimental paradigm.Methods According to Behavioral Inhibi-tion/Activation System Scale,the undergraduates were divided into high score or low score groups of BIS and BAS.Using event related potential (ERP) method,feedback related negativity (FRN) and P300 were col-lected and analyzed when they performed a conflict experimental paradigm which had correct or wrong feed-back.Results (1)The amplitudes of FRN(FRN for error feedback:(6.61±1.02)μV,FRN for correct feedback:(7.52±1.15)μV, F(1,20)=5.73, P=0.027)and P300(P300 for error feedback:(14.24±1.09)μV, P300 for correct feedback:(11.58±1.21)μV, F(1,20)=16.72, P=0.001) in BAS high and low score groups were significantly higher in error feedback.( 2) The amplitudes of FRN in BIS high and low score groups were significantly higher in error feedback(FRN for error feedback:(6.63±1.22)μV,FRN for correct feed-back:(8.22±1.24)μV, F(1,22)=17.35, P<0.01).(3) The amplitude of P300 in BIS low score group was higher than that in BIS high score group (BIS low score group:(15.66±1.13)μV,BIS high score group:(11.10±1.04)μV, F(1,22)=17.35, P<0.01).Conclusion BIS and BAS not only relate to approach and a-voidance motivation,but also closely relate to cognitive regulation.
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Objective To observe the effectiveness of early enteral nutrition (EEN) in managing ICU mechanically ventilated patients.Methods Totally 47 patients who had been ventilated for more than one week were randomly divided into EEN group and control group.The EEN group was supplied with enteral nutrition (EN) 12-24 hours after ICU admission,whereas the control group received EN 72 hours-5 days later.The function of intestinal mucosal barrier was evaluated by the reabsorb concentration of disaccharides lactulose/mannitol (L/M).In addition,the body mass index (BMI),body temperature,urine L/M ratio,serum albumin,pre-albumin,and ventilation days were recorded or calculated.Results On the seventh day,the L/M ratio was (0.036 ±0.004) in the EEN group,which was significantly lower than that (0.108 ±0.020) in the control group (t =2.746,P ＜0.01) ; the average body temperature was significantly lower in the EEN group than in the control group [(38.25 ± 1.20) ℃ vs (38.92 ± 1.40) ℃ ; t =2.683,P ＜ 0.05)] ; the incidences of adverse reactions such as constipation and diarrhea were significantly lower in the EEN group [16.7％ (4/23) vs 27.3％ (6/22),P＜0.05].The weaning rate within 2 weeks also favoured the EEN group [90％ (18/20) vs 80％ (16/20),P ＜ 0.05].Compared with the control group,the nutritional status of serum albumin and pre-albumin also showed a favourbale trends in the EEN group.Conclusions EEN can improve intestinal mucosal barrier and increase the weaning possibility in patients with mechanical ventilation.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of fludarabine cytarabine and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (FLAG) chemotherapy on adult relapsed or refractory adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients.Methods Twenty adult patients with relapsed or refractory ALL were treated with salvage therapy which was combined of fludarabine,cytarabine and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (FLAG).Another 20 cases in control group were treated with primal induction regimen and idamycin combined with etoposide and high-dose methylprednisolone.Sides effects of 2 groups were compared and FCM was used to investigate the cells with leukemia associated with immunophenotype,final comparing with bone marrow morphology.Results Hematologic toxicity was similar both in the treatment group and control group.Nonhematology complications consisted of heart and liver toxicity (1/20 and 9/20) were weaker than those in control group (4/20 and 1/20),which were mild to moderate and could be alleviated with supportive therapy.The median overall survival was no significant difference between both sides,eights patients (40.0 ％) who achieved complete remission received salvage therapy,the disease-free survival and the median overall survival were 6 months (range 4-30 months) and 11 months (range 9-30 months),respectively.Seven patients (35.0 ％) achieved complete remission in the treatment group,the disease-free survival and the median overall survival were 4 months (range 3-30 months) and 9 months (range 9-30 months) for 7 patients,respectively.In the treatment group early recurrence [5.0 ％ (1/20)] and outside marrow of recurrence rate (0)were lower than in control group [20.0 ％ (4/20) and 10.0 ％ (2/20)].Conclusion FLAG is a well-tolerated regimen for adult relapsed or refractory ALL patients which enables patients to receive allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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Objective To investigate the expression of CD8 and CD28 lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer before and after operation and explore its clinical significance.Method Flow cytometry was applied to test the expression of CD8,CD8+CD28+and D8+CD28-in the peripheral blood of both 40 patients with breast cancer and 25 healthy controls. Results The expression levels of CD8 in patients with breast cancer were significantly higher than those in healthy controls [(30.4±3.3)%VS. 30.4±3.3)%,P<0.05] . The expression levels of CD8+CD28+in patients with breast cancer were significantly lower than those in healthy controls [(10.4 ± 1.7)%VS. (14.3±2.6)%,P<0.05] . The expression levels of CD8+CD28-in patients with breast cancer were significantly higher than those in healthy controls [(25.1 ±2.8)% VS. (19.6 ±2.3)%, P<0.05] . After operation, the expression levels of CD8, CD8+CD28+and CD8+CD28-[(31.9 ±4.3)%, (15.4 ±2.7)%and (20.4±2.8)%, respectively] in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer had no significant change compared with the healthy controls. The expression levels of CD8, CD8+CD28+and CD8+CD28-in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer had significant difference between before and after operation. Conclusions After surgical operation, the immune defence and immune surveillance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be enhanced, immune suppression and tumor escape can be reduced. The assays of cell phenotypes CD8 and CD28 might be useful for evaluating the immunal state and prognosis of patient s with breast cancer.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine carboxyatractyloside and atractyloside in Xanthii Fructus by HPLC.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>By HPLC, Agilent ZORBAX SB-phenyl (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column was adopted, with acetonitrile-0.01 mol x L(-1) NaH2PO4 (pH 6) as the mobile phase for gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 203 nm, and the temperature was set at 35 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Carboxyatractyloside showed a good linearity within the range of 0.0972-1.944 microg and atractyloside showed a good linearity within the range of 0.1030-2.060 microg. The recovery rate of carboxyatractyloside was 100. 3% and that of atractyloside was 102.5%. The RSD were 0.67% and 1.4% (n=6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method is so simple, practical and highly repeatable that is can be used for quality control of Xanthii Fructus.</p>